Introduction
Microsoft Excel में IF function एक logical powerhouse है। यह आपको automatic निर्णय लेने में मदद करता है—यदि कोई condition TRUE है तो एक value लौटाता है, और यदि वह FALSE है तो दूसरा value लौटाता है।
इसे Excel के built-in decision-maker के रूप में सोचें।
उदाहरण: "यदि marks 40 से अधिक हैं, तो Pass दिखाएँ; अन्यथा, Fail दिखाएँ।"
चाहे आप छात्रों की grading, business report या financial models पर काम कर रहे हों, IF function Excel के सबसे आवश्यक tools में से एक है।
IF Function का Syntax
=IF(logical_test, value_if_true, value_if_false)
Argument | Description |
---|---|
logical_test | वह condition जिसका आप evaluation करना चाहते हैं। TRUE या FALSE लौटाना होगा। |
value_if_true | यदि test TRUE है तो Excel result लौटाता है। |
value_if_false | यदि test FALSE है तो Excel result लौटाता है। |
Example 1 — Simple IF Formula (Pass/Fail)
Student | Marks | Formula | Result |
---|---|---|---|
Asha | 85 | =IF(B2>=40,"Pass","Fail") | Pass |
Raj | 32 | =IF(B3>=40,"Pass","Fail") | Fail |
Explanation:
यदि अंक ≥ 40 → Excel “Pass” दिखाता है; अन्यथा “Fail”।
Logical Operators in IF
Operator | Meaning | Example | Result |
---|---|---|---|
= | Equal to | =IF(A1=10,"Yes","No") | Yes |
> | Greater than | =IF(A1>10,"Yes","No") | Yes |
< | Less than | =IF(A1<10,"Yes","No") | Yes |
>= | Greater or equal | =IF(A1>=10,"Yes","No") | Yes |
<= | Less or equal | =IF(A1<=10,"Yes","No") | Yes |
<> | Not equal | =IF(A1<>10,"Yes","No") | Yes |
Example 2 — IF for Commission Eligibility
Salesperson | Sales (₹) | Formula | Result |
---|---|---|---|
Raj | 65000 | =IF(B2>50000,"Eligible","Not Eligible") | Eligible |
Meena | 48000 | =IF(B2>50000,"Eligible","Not Eligible") | Not Eligible |
Explanation:
यदि sales ₹50,000 से अधिक है → “Eligible”।
Example 3 — IF Returning Numbers
=IF(A2>=60,1,0)
यदि marks ≥ 60 → 1; else 0.
Scoring और binary analysis के लिए उपयोगी।
Example 4 — Nested IF (Multiple Conditions)
Marks | Formula | Grade |
---|---|---|
90 | =IF(A2>=90,"A",IF(A2>=80,"B",IF(A2>=70,"C",IF(A2>=60,"D","F")))) | A |
Logic:
- ≥90 → A
- ≥80 → B
- ≥70 → C
- ≥60 → D
- Else → F
Example 5 — IF with AND
Multiple TRUE conditions की जाँच करें.
Math | English | Formula | Result |
---|---|---|---|
45 | 50 | =IF(AND(A2>=40,B2>=40),"Pass","Fail") | Pass |
38 | 42 | =IF(AND(A3>=40,B3>=40),"Pass","Fail") | Fail |
Example 6 — IF with OR
Math | English | Formula | Result |
---|---|---|---|
45 | 35 | =IF(OR(A2>=40,B2>=40),"Pass","Fail") | Pass |
30 | 25 | =IF(OR(A3>=40,B3>=40),"Pass","Fail") | Fail |
यदि कम से कम एक condition TRUE है → “Pass”।
Example 7 — IF with Dates
=IF(A2<TODAY(),"Past Due","Upcoming")
Due Date | Result |
---|---|
10/15/2025 | Past Due |
10/22/2025 | Upcoming |
Example 8 — IF with ISBLANK
=IF(ISBLANK(A2),"Missing","Available")
A2 | Result |
---|---|
(empty) | Missing |
Apple | Available |
Example 9 — IF for Bonus Calculation
Employee | Performance (%) | Formula | Bonus |
---|---|---|---|
Raj | 95 | =IF(B2>=90,"₹10,000",IF(B2>=75,"₹7,000","₹5,000")) | ₹10,000 |
Meena | 78 | =IF(B3>=90,"₹10,000",IF(B3>=75,"₹7,000","₹5,000")) | ₹7,000 |
Example 10 — IF with AND + OR Combination
=IF(AND(B2>80,OR(C2="Yes",C2="Y")),"Reward","No Reward")
Numeric और text दोनों conditions की एक साथ जाँच करता है।
Example 11 — IF + AVERAGE
=IF(AVERAGE(B2:B5)>60,"Good","Poor")
यदि औसत अंक 60 से ऊपर हैं → “Good”।
Example 12 — IF with ISERROR (Error Handling)
=IF(ISERROR(A1/B1),"Error",A1/B1)
आपकी रिपोर्ट में #DIV/0! errors दिखाने से बचाता है।
Example 13 — IF with Text Length (LEN)
=IF(LEN(A2)>10,"Long Text","Short Text")
जाँचता है कि किसी text में कितने अक्षर हैं।
Example 14 — IF with VLOOKUP
=IFERROR(VLOOKUP(A2,Table1,2,FALSE),"Not Found")
यदि lookup fail हो जाता है, तो यह #N/A के बजाय “Not Found” दिखाता है।
Example 15 — IF + IFS Function (Simplified)
Excel 2016 और नए versions के लिए:
=IFS(A2>=90,"A",A2>=80,"B",A2>=70,"C",A2>=60,"D",TRUE,"F")
लम्बी nested IF श्रृंखलाओं की कोई आवश्यकता नहीं।
Example 16 — Real-Life Scenarios
Use Case | Description | Formula |
---|---|---|
Student Grading | Check pass/fail | =IF(B2>=40,"Pass","Fail") |
Bonus Calculation | Multi-condition | =IF(B2>90,"High",IF(B2>75,"Medium","Low")) |
Attendance Check | P or A | =IF(C2="P","Present","Absent") |
Due Dates | Status alert | =IF(A2<TODAY(),"Overdue","On Time") |
Stock Alert | Reorder level | =IF(B2<10,"Reorder","OK") |
Common Mistakes to Avoid
Mistake | Reason | Fix |
---|---|---|
Missing quotes for text | Excel won’t understand text | "Pass" not Pass |
Too many nested IFs | Hard to debug | Use IFS() |
Unclosed parentheses | Syntax error | Always close ) |
Comparing text to numbers | False logic | Match data type |
Expert Tips
- IF is not case-sensitive (Excel = excel).
- Use & to join text:
- =IF(A1>50,"Pass: "&A1,"Fail: "&A1)
- To show a blank cell:
- =IF(A1>50,"","Fail")
- Combine with Conditional Formatting to color results.
- For many conditions, use IFS or SWITCH (Excel 2016+).
Summary Table
Function | Description | Example | Result |
---|---|---|---|
IF | Simple condition | =IF(A1>10,"Yes","No") | Yes/No |
IF + AND | All true | =IF(AND(A1>10,B1>10),"OK","NO") | OK |
IF + OR | Any true | =IF(OR(A1>10,B1>10),"OK","NO") | OK |
IFERROR | Hide error | =IFERROR(A1/B1,"Error") | Error |
IF + Date | Date check | =IF(A1 | Past/Future |
IFS | Multiple tests | =IFS(A1>90,"A",A1>80,"B") | A/B |
आपको IF function में Master क्यों हासिल करनी चाहिए?
IF function निम्न के लिए आधारभूत है:
- Data analysis
- Automated grading
- Dynamic reporting
- Business logic
- KPI dashboards
जब इसे Excel 365 की dynamic array features के साथ combine किया जाता है, तो यह और भी अधिक शक्तिशाली हो जाता है - जिससे entire ranges का एक साथ evaluation किया जा सकता है।
Conclusion
IF function, Microsoft Excel के सबसे ज़रूरी और versatile tools में से एक है। यह users को सीधे अपनी spreadsheets में logical निर्णय लेने की क्षमता प्रदान करता है—जिससे Excel defined conditions के आधार पर "think" और प्रतिक्रिया दे सकता है। किसी specific condition के सही या गलत होने का परीक्षण करके, IF function कार्यों को स्वचालित करने, manual intervention को कम करने और consistent data analysis सुनिश्चित करने में मदद करता है।
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